Aisyatur Robia

Life tables, survivorship, & age-sex structure To predict if a population will grow or shrink, ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population. Life tables summarize birth and death rates for organisms at different stages of their lives. Survivorship curves are graphs that show what fraction of a population survives from one age to the next. An age-sex pyramid is a "snapshot" of a population in time showing how its members are distributed among age and sex categories. A life table records matters of life and death for a population—literally! It summarizes the likelihood that organisms in a population will live, die, and/or reproduce at different stages of their lives. Let's start simply by taking a look at a basic life table that just shows survival—rather than survival and reproduction. Specifically, we'll focus on the animal below: the Dall mountain sheep, a wild...

What is a population? In ecology, a population consists of all the organisms of a particular species living in a given area.  Demography: describing populations and how they change Ecologists are studying various kinds of plant, animal, fungal, and even bacterial populations. The statistical study of any population, human or otherwise, is known as demography. Why is demography important? Populations can change in their numbers and structure—for example age and sex distribution—for various reasons. These changes can affect how the population interacts with its physical environment and with other species. By tracking populations over time, ecologists can see how these populations have changed and may be able to predict how they're likely to change in the future. Monitoring the size and structure of populations can also help ecologists manage populations—for example, by showing whether conservation efforts are helping an endangered species increase in numbers. In this ...

Ecotype a  group  of  similar   populations   within   one   and   the   same   plant   species   that   are   adapted  to  certain   climatic,   edaphic,  or  cenotic conditions   and   that   have   developed,   under   these   conditions,   hereditary   morphological,   physiological,   biochemical,   and   other features.   Thus,  an  ecotype  is  isolated   with   respect  to  distribution;   genotypically  it is an  intraspecific   subdivision,   which distinguishes  it  from  a  biotype. The   term   “ecotype”   was   introduced  in  the   1920’s  by  the   Swedish   scientist  G.  Turesson.   Different   plants   have   differen...

The Hutchinsonian niche  is an  n-dimensional hypervolume , where the dimensions are environmental conditions and resources, that define the requirements of an individual or a species to practice "its" way of life, more particularly, for its population to persist. The "hypervolume" defines the multi-dimensional space of resources (e.g., light, nutrients, structure, etc.) available to (and specifically used by) organisms, and "all species other than those under consideration are regarded as part of the coordinate system." The niche concept was popularized by the zoologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson in 1957. Hutchinson inquired into the question of why there are so many types of organisms in any one habitat. His work inspired many others to develop models to explain how many and how similar coexisting species could be within a given community, and led to the concepts of 'niche breadth' (the variety of resources or habitats used by a given species), ...

PREFERENDUM Practicum Reports Prepared to fulfill duties of Ecology course Lectured by Mr. Dr.Hadi Suwono, M.Sc. and Mrs. Dr.Vivi Novianti, S.Si, M.Si. By: Group 4 / Offering A 1.     Aisyatur Robia               (150341600791) 2.     Lelly Luckitasari            (150341600339) 3.     M. Hisham Baidlowi      (150341600339) 4.     Najatul Ubadati             ( 150341603981) 5.      Nor Azizah                     (150341603981) STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY APRIL 2017 CHAPTER ...