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 Nama : Aisyatur Robia
TTL : Pasuruan, 17 April 1997
E-mail : aisyah.robia@gmail.com
Facebook : Aisyatur Robia
Twitter : @aisyaturrobia
Instagram : @aisyatur
Alamat : Prigen, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur
Pendidikan : S1 Pend. Biologi Universitas Negeri Malang

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Tolerance range

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Tolerance Range in biology refers to the specifications of environment in which particular species can survive. These environmental factors include temperature, humidity, salinity, quality of soil and quality of air. Tolerance range differs from one species to another. Factors included in tolerance range differ too. For plants, crucial environmental conditions include sunlight and minerals in soil, whereas for animals temperature and quality of air are important. For both plants and animal, a certain amount of nutrients must be available to them to consume in order to survive. Range of tolerance also varies within a given population, from individual to individual, and across a life cycle of one individual. If living organisms find themselves within their range tolerance, they can maintain homeostasis, meaning the internal conditions necessary for carrying out their life functions. The optimum range is the mid-point on the scale of tolerance range, where most individuals in a popul
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Limiting Factors

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• Condition is abiotic environmental factor that varies in space and time and affects the performance of organism. Example is temperature can affect the reproduction of organism because to matting and lay the egg, need a warm temperature. • Resource is all things consumed (used up) by organisms (space, nutrients, water, prey, holes for refuge, etc) and its can devided into  Interactive resources. An organism does not need certain resources independently. For example, one that gets more heat might need more water, or less nitrogen.  Non-interactive resources. Independent resources that an organism needs. For example, a human being needs both iron and calcium, though ingesting one will not affect the need for the other. Liebig’s law of the minimum: Growth of a plant is dependent on the amount of foodstuff which is presented to it in minimum quantity. This law of the minimum was first expressed by Justus Liebig in 1840. This law of the minimum is less applicable under ‘transien
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Environmental Factor of Ecology

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Dosen pengampu: 1.       Dr. Hadi Suwono, M.Si 2.       Dr. Vivi Novianti, S.Si, M.Si. Ecological Factors that Constitute the Environment of an Organism In any eco-system, a living organism is influenced by a number of factors and forces. These environmental factors are known as eco- factors or ecological factors. These factors may be biotic (living) and abiotic (non­living). A.     ABIOTIC           I.      Climatic or Aerial factors: (a)    Light Light plays an important role in the species composition and development of vegetation.   And, on an average approximately only 2-3% of this solar energy is used in Primary Productivity. Light intensity shows special variations due to the factors like atmos­pheric water layer, particles dispersed in the air, etc. v Effect of Light on Plants: 1.       The synthesis of chloro­phyll in green plants can take place only in the presence of light.   2.       The rat
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